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{"id":9755,"date":"2022-07-19T09:02:22","date_gmt":"2022-07-19T12:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/?p=9755"},"modified":"2022-08-30T09:33:18","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T12:33:18","slug":"agricultura-do-chile-depende-de-projetos-de-irrigacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/2022\/07\/19\/agricultura-do-chile-depende-de-projetos-de-irrigacao\/","title":{"rendered":"Agricultura do Chile depende de projetos de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\u201c…tivemos mais de 12 anos cont\u00ednuos com d\u00e9ficit pluviom\u00e9trico em praticamente todo o pa\u00eds. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio que agricultores, principalmente pequenos e m\u00e9dios, incorporem sistemas de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o…\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Wilson Ureta Parraguez<\/strong> \u00e9 secret\u00e1rio executivo da Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Irriga\u00e7\u00e3o do Chile. Ureta<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e9 engenheiro em recursos naturais renov\u00e1veis e mestre em gest\u00e3o e pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas pela Universidade do Chile.<\/p>\n
Wilson Ureta Parraguez<\/strong>, secret\u00e1rio executivo da Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Irriga\u00e7\u00e3o do Chile<\/p><\/div>\n\n
AgriBrasilis – O Chile tem diferentes condi\u00e7\u00f5es de chuva em todo o seu territ\u00f3rio. Qual a import\u00e2ncia da irriga\u00e7\u00e3o para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola? Pode-se dizer que a agricultura chilena depende de projetos de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Wilson Ureta \u2013<\/strong> Pode-se dizer que sim. Em nosso pa\u00eds existem climas muito diversos, que, aliados \u00e0s caracter\u00edsticas meteorol\u00f3gicas e de solo , t\u00eam condicionado o desenvolvimento da atividade agr\u00edcola, gerando \u00e1reas com maior aptid\u00e3o para determinadas culturas ou nichos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola. A disponibilidade de \u00e1gua doce est\u00e1 diretamente relacionada ao regime de chuvas e de vaz\u00e3o em cada regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n
Dados preliminares do \u00faltimo Censo Agropecu\u00e1rio e Florestal (2021) indicam que cerca de 50% da \u00e1rea agr\u00edcola ainda \u00e9 de sequeiro (sem irriga\u00e7\u00e3o) e, portanto, altamente vulner\u00e1vel aos efeitos da crise h\u00eddrica e clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n
No Chile, tivemos mais de 12 anos cont\u00ednuos com d\u00e9ficit pluviom\u00e9trico em praticamente todo o pa\u00eds. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio que agricultores, principalmente pequenos e m\u00e9dios, incorporem sistemas de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o para terem mais seguran\u00e7a.<\/p>\n
A agricultura irrigada tamb\u00e9m foi afetada pelas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e pela seca. As culturas apresentam suas maiores demandas h\u00eddricas no ver\u00e3o, que no Chile coincide com o per\u00edodo seco. A demanda de \u00e1gua no ver\u00e3o \u00e9 suprida principalmente por canais que transportam as \u00e1guas superficiais do gelo derretido e\/ou por \u00e1gua armazenada em represas e reservat\u00f3rios de tamanhos diferentes. A irriga\u00e7\u00e3o subterr\u00e2nea tamb\u00e9m vem ganhando relev\u00e2ncia, o que traz novos desafios para a gest\u00e3o da \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n
A agricultura chilena \u00e9 de fato muito dependente dos sistemas de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o e as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas tornar\u00e3o a irriga\u00e7\u00e3o eficiente ainda mais relevante. Os investimentos em infraestrutura intra e fora da fazenda s\u00e3o fundamentais.<\/p>\n
Um dos nossos principais desafios passa pela melhoria da efici\u00eancia da irriga\u00e7\u00e3o, conciliando essa necessidade com crit\u00e9rios ambientais e apoio para pequenos e m\u00e9dios agricultores, que s\u00e3o as mais vulner\u00e1veis \u200b\u200baos efeitos da seca e t\u00eam papel relevante na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alimentos.<\/p>\n
AgriBrasilis – Quais s\u00e3o os n\u00fameros estimados de perdas no setor agr\u00edcola devido \u00e0 seca?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Wilson Ureta –<\/strong> \u00c9 dif\u00edcil atribuir quais perdas s\u00e3o causadas exclusivamente pela escassez h\u00eddrica, pois as diminui\u00e7\u00f5es ou varia\u00e7\u00f5es na produ\u00e7\u00e3o respondem a m\u00faltiplos fatores, como aspectos clim\u00e1ticos, sociais e log\u00edsticos (por exemplo, geadas; eventos clim\u00e1ticos fora de \u00e9poca; chuvas; granizo; ondas de calor; pragas ou doen\u00e7as fitossanit\u00e1rias, escassez de m\u00e3o de obra, aumento de pre\u00e7os de insumos, entre outros).<\/p>\n
Por exemplo, quando se compara a superf\u00edcie agr\u00edcola do Censo Florestal e Agropecu\u00e1rio de 2007 com os resultados preliminares de 2021, observa-se uma tend\u00eancia na maioria dos cultivos de diminui\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea cultivada, com exce\u00e7\u00e3o da categoria de frutas, que se expandiu.<\/p>\n
AgriBrasilis – A dessaliniza\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua do mar \u00e9 uma alternativa vi\u00e1vel a longo prazo? Quais s\u00e3o os protocolos para obten\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1gua de aqu\u00edferos?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Wilson Ureta –<\/strong> Cerca de 50 usinas de dessaliniza\u00e7\u00e3o operam no Chile, localizadas principalmente entre as regi\u00f5es de Arica, Parinacota e Atacama, cujo desenvolvimento foi orientado para projetos de minera\u00e7\u00e3o e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1gua pot\u00e1vel. Embora a experi\u00eancia tenha sido positiva em muitos casos, os custos dessa tecnologia t\u00eam sido uma limita\u00e7\u00e3o para seu uso massivo no setor agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n
\u00c9 um desafio avan\u00e7ar em mais pesquisas e gerar sinergias que permitam maior certeza dos benef\u00edcios da dessaniliza\u00e7\u00e3o no setor agropecu\u00e1rio, garantindo que o meio ambiente n\u00e3o seja afetado (principalmente com salmoura residual).<\/p>\n
Sobre a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o das \u00e1guas subterr\u00e2neas para fins n\u00e3o dom\u00e9sticos, atualmente os direitos de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua devem ser solicitados \u00e0 Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral das \u00c1guas, com indica\u00e7\u00e3o do georreferenciamento do po\u00e7o, caudal de extra\u00e7\u00e3o, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o, acompanhamento dos antecedentes de perfura\u00e7\u00e3o, ensaios de bombagem do po\u00e7o, entre outros, sendo obrigat\u00f3rio incorporar sistemas telem\u00e9tricos que informem a quantidade de \u00e1gua extra\u00edda dos po\u00e7os.<\/p>\n
AgriBrasilis – Existem projetos de subs\u00eddio de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o para a agricultura familiar?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Wilson Ureta –<\/strong> Um dos objetivos principais do Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura \u00e9 o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar camponesa como base do sistema agroalimentar nacional.<\/p>\n
Por exemplo, a Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Irriga\u00e7\u00e3o relan\u00e7ou o Programa Especial para a Pequena Agricultura com o objetivo de apoiar os pequenos agricultores no desenvolvimento de projetos que permitam maior efici\u00eancia no uso da \u00e1gua para irriga\u00e7\u00e3o.O programa premia projetos em benef\u00edcio de agricultores com \u00e1rea de at\u00e9 40 hectares de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica.<\/p>\n
Outro fato relevante \u00e9 que cada potencial benefici\u00e1rio pode se candidatar a mais de um projeto de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o, desde que sejam iniciativas implementadas em etapas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201c…tivemos mais de 12 anos cont\u00ednuos com d\u00e9ficit pluviom\u00e9trico em praticamente todo o pa\u00eds. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio que agricultores, principalmente pequenos e m\u00e9dios, incorporem sistemas de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,79],"tags":[33],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Agricultura do Chile depende de projetos de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o - Agribrasilis - Inside Agribusiness<\/title>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n