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{"id":9653,"date":"2022-07-12T09:34:25","date_gmt":"2022-07-12T12:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/?p=9653"},"modified":"2022-08-09T08:55:37","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T11:55:37","slug":"doencas-no-milho-causam-ate-80-de-perda-de-produtividade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/2022\/07\/12\/doencas-no-milho-causam-ate-80-de-perda-de-produtividade\/","title":{"rendered":"Doen\u00e7as podem causar at\u00e9 80% de perda de produtividade no milho"},"content":{"rendered":"\u201cNa \u00faltima safra, o uso de defensivos agr\u00edcolas representou 8,96% dos custos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o. A intensidade do ataque de pragas e doen\u00e7as em todo o pa\u00eds contribuiu para aumentar o custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e a dificuldade do manejo da cultura.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Aline Vanessa Sauer<\/strong> \u00e9 engenheira agr\u00f4noma pela Universidade Estadual Norte do Paran\u00e1 (UENP), mestre em prote\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas\/fitopatologia pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina e doutora na mesma \u00e1rea pela Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1. Sauer<\/strong> \u00e9 docente do curso de agronomia e do programa de mestrado em agronomia da UENP.<\/p>\nAline Sauer<\/strong>, professora na UENP.<\/p><\/div>\n
\nA cultura do milho passou por diversas modifica\u00e7\u00f5es nos \u00faltimos anos, com aux\u00edlio do melhoramento gen\u00e9tico, dentre elas o avan\u00e7o das \u00e1reas e \u00e9pocas de cultivo. A presen\u00e7a cont\u00ednua da cultura no campo modificou o cen\u00e1rio inicial de uma esp\u00e9cie considerada r\u00fastica para uma cultura onde os problemas fitossanit\u00e1rios t\u00eam surgido com frequ\u00eancia. Dentre os principais problemas que acometem a cultura, as doen\u00e7as se destacam como respons\u00e1veis por at\u00e9 80% de perdas na produtividade.<\/p>\n
A mancha branca do milho, ocasionada pela bact\u00e9ria Pantoea ananatis<\/em>, \u00e9 a principal doen\u00e7a foliar da cultura. A bact\u00e9ria pode sobreviver nos restos culturais e em plantas daninhas como a Digitaria insularis<\/em> e D. horizontalis, <\/em>popularmente conhecidas como capim amargoso e capim colch\u00e3o, respectivamente. Al\u00e9m destas plantas funcionarem como fonte de in\u00f3culo, a resist\u00eancia a herbicidas relatada frequentemente para D. insularis<\/em> acaba dificultando o manejo da doen\u00e7a a campo. Recentemente um grupo de pesquisa nos EUA confirmou a transmiss\u00e3o da bact\u00e9ria causadora da mancha branca por uma esp\u00e9cie de Diabrotica <\/em>spp. que ainda n\u00e3o ocorre no Brasil.<\/p>\nOs enfezamentos p\u00e1lido e vermelho s\u00e3o ocasionados por um grupo de bact\u00e9rias conhecidas como molicutes. Enfezamentos s\u00e3o doen\u00e7as sist\u00eamicas cujo processo infeccioso ocorre nos tecidos dos floemas das plantas. A transmiss\u00e3o ocorre pela cigarrinha do milho Dalbulus maidis<\/em> e possui alto potencial de danos na cultura. Os danos variam de perdas na produtividade decorrentes da m\u00e1 forma\u00e7\u00e3o das espigas at\u00e9 o tombamento e a morte prematura das plantas.<\/p>\nOutras doen\u00e7as tamb\u00e9m ganharam destaque nas \u00faltimas safras. A helmintosporiose, causada pelo fungo Exserohilum turcicum<\/em>, pode gerar perdas de 50% caso ocorra antes da flora\u00e7\u00e3o. Os sintomas s\u00e3o manchas foliares que variaram de 2,5 a 15 cm de comprimento e s\u00e3o facilmente confundidos com sintomas de outras doen\u00e7as por profissionais e produtores rurais.<\/p>\nA mancha de Diplodia <\/em>\u00e9 causada pelo fungo Diplodia macrospora<\/em> e pode afetar tanto folhas quanto espigas. Nas folhas, os sintomas consistem em les\u00f5es alongadas que variam de 1,5 a 25 cm de comprimento.<\/p>\nA cercosporiose \u00e9 ocasionada pelo fungo Cercospora zea-maydis<\/em> e pode reduzir a produ\u00e7\u00e3o causando severas perdas. Sintomas consistem em les\u00f5es foliares pequenas, com 1 a 6 cm de comprimento, que acompanham as nervuras foliares e s\u00e3o observados especialmente durante a flora\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\nPara diferenciar os agentes fitopatog\u00eanicos da cultura do milho e alcan\u00e7ar o diagn\u00f3stico correto \u00e9 preciso estar atentos a alguns detalhes nos sintomas. Na cercosporiose, as les\u00f5es s\u00e3o menores e sempre respeitam as nervuras foliares. Na helmintosporiose, as les\u00f5es s\u00e3o de tamanho maior e n\u00e3o respeitam as nervuras das folhas, bem como ocorre com a mancha de Diplodia<\/em>. Por\u00e9m, no caso da Diploidia<\/em>, as manchas s\u00e3o mais estreitas e sempre demonstram o ponto inicial de infec\u00e7\u00e3o do fungo.<\/p>\nNa \u00faltima safra, o uso de defensivos agr\u00edcolas representou 8,96% dos custos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o. A intensidade do ataque de pragas e doen\u00e7as em todo o pa\u00eds contribuiu para aumentar o custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e a dificuldade do manejo da cultura.\u201d<\/p>\n
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LEIA MAIS:<\/p>\n