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{"id":20330,"date":"2023-10-23T09:01:43","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T12:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/?p=20330"},"modified":"2023-11-23T10:10:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-23T13:10:03","slug":"titicaca-lago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/2023\/10\/23\/titicaca-lago\/","title":{"rendered":"Titicaca, o lago naveg\u00e1vel mais alto do mundo, est\u00e1 secando"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c…at\u00e9 dezembro o n\u00edvel do Lago Titicaca deve continuar diminuindo.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sixto Flores Sancho<\/strong> \u00e9 diretor do Servi\u00e7o Nacional de Meteorologia e Hidrologia do Peru \u2013 Senamhi<\/strong> na regi\u00e3o de Puno. Sancho<\/strong> \u00e9 engenheiro meteorol\u00f3gico, mestre em meteorologia aplicada.<\/p>\n

Emily Milagros Quispe Salazar\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e9 analista de hidrologia do Senamhi<\/strong> na regi\u00e3o de Puno, engenheira agr\u00edcola e mestre em engenharia de recursos h\u00eddricos pela Universidad Nacional del Altiplano.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Sixto Flores Sancho<\/strong>,\u00a0diretor do Senamhi<\/p><\/div>\n


\n

AgriBrasilis – Por que o Lago Titicaca est\u00e1 secando?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sancho e Salazar –<\/strong> Nos \u00faltimos 10 anos, ocorreu na regi\u00e3o do planalto de Puno uma menor quantidade de chuvas durante as \u00e9pocas de cheia, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a m\u00e9dia hist\u00f3rica. Isso se agravou durante a temporada 2022\/23 (entre agosto de 2022 e mar\u00e7o de 2023), quando ocorreu um d\u00e9ficit pluviom\u00e9trico de 49%. \u00c9 durante essa esta\u00e7\u00e3o chuvosa, que ocorre entre agosto e mar\u00e7o, que ocorre a \u201crecarga\u201d dos recursos h\u00eddricos do Lago Titicaca. Os n\u00edveis do lago t\u00eam diminu\u00eddo gradativamente ao longo dos anos e essa diminui\u00e7\u00e3o foi muito maior durante 2022\/23.<\/p>\n

A perda por evapora\u00e7\u00e3o, que ocorre em decorr\u00eancia da esta\u00e7\u00e3o seca (entre abril e dezembro) reduz a altura e a superf\u00edcie do lago. Em 2022, a perda por evapora\u00e7\u00e3o no per\u00edodo foi de 0,99 m. Agora, desde abril de 2023 at\u00e9 o presente, a queda foi de 0,59 m, e at\u00e9 dezembro o n\u00edvel do Lago Titicaca deve continuar diminuindo.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Emily Milagros Quispe Salazar<\/strong>,\u00a0analista de hidrologia do Senamhi<\/p><\/div>\n

AgriBrasilis – \u00c9 poss\u00edvel \u201csalvar\u201d o Lago Titicaca? Quanta \u00e1gua j\u00e1 foi perdida?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sancho e Salazar –<\/strong> A quest\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 \u201csalvar\u201d o lago, mas sim mitigar os efeitos que a queda do n\u00edvel do Lago Titicaca pode causar. Devem ser realizadas a\u00e7\u00f5es coordenadas entre institui\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais e subnacionais, entidades t\u00e9cnico-cient\u00edficas e cidad\u00e3os.<\/p>\n

Esse \u00e9 um per\u00edodo de seca de m\u00e1xima express\u00e3o. Se ocorresse um evento completamente oposto, at\u00e9 seria poss\u00edvel recuperar o n\u00edvel regular do Lago Titicaca, mas antes devemos falar de a\u00e7\u00f5es proativas diante desse cen\u00e1rio de seca, que inclusive \u00e9 muito comum na regi\u00e3o. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel enfrentar essa seca extrema. Devemos lembrar que todos os anos ocorre um per\u00edodo significativo de chuvas, que deve ser aproveitado.<\/p>\n

Em agosto, o n\u00edvel m\u00e9dio da \u00e1gua era de 3.808,264 metros, ante o seu n\u00edvel normal hist\u00f3rico de 3.809,355 m. Isso significa que houve uma queda de 1,09 m. Em termos de volume, entre agosto de 2022 e agosto de 2023, houve uma perda de aproximadamente 6.255 km3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Os n\u00edveis mais baixos do Lago j\u00e1 registrados ocorreram entre 1939 e 1949, ou seja, em um per\u00edodo de seca que foi de aproximadamente 10 anos.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

AgriBrasilis – O Lago Titicaca \u00e9 o lago naveg\u00e1vel mais alto do mundo. Qual a sua import\u00e2ncia socioecon\u00f4mica e quais comunidades est\u00e3o sendo afetadas pela seca?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sancho e Salazar –<\/strong> Esse recurso h\u00eddrico influencia diretamente toda e qualquer atividade socioecon\u00f4mica. V\u00e1rios rios da encosta contribuem para o Lago Titicaca. Quanto maior a contribui\u00e7\u00e3o, maior o n\u00edvel do lago e melhores as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de umidade na regi\u00e3o. Em um cen\u00e1rio de seca, o maior impacto ocorre para a popula\u00e7\u00e3o com maior grau de necessidade, que padece de falta de servi\u00e7os b\u00e1sicos.<\/p>\n

AgriBrasilis – Quais foram as perdas agr\u00edcolas devido \u00e0 seca na safra 2022\/23? O que se espera para a safra 2023\/24?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sancho e Salazar –<\/strong> Segundo informa\u00e7\u00f5es da Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria Regional de Puno:<\/p>\n