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{"id":18524,"date":"2023-06-22T15:45:43","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T18:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/?p=18524"},"modified":"2023-06-29T14:27:30","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T17:27:30","slug":"manejo-sustentavel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/2023\/06\/22\/manejo-sustentavel\/","title":{"rendered":"Cafeicultura brasileira \u00e9 sustent\u00e1vel com uso eficiente de insumos"},"content":{"rendered":"\u201cA cafeicultura brasileira \u00e9 sustent\u00e1vel, j\u00e1 que utiliza t\u00e9cnicas de manejo que permitem o uso de insumos de forma eficiente, podendo ser inclusive certificada…\u201d<\/p>\n
Darlan Einstein Livramento<\/strong> \u00e9 professor do Centro Superior de Ensino e Pesquisa de Machado \u2013 CESEP<\/strong>, e s\u00f3cio-propriet\u00e1rio na Livramento Consultoria Agr\u00edcola. Livramento<\/strong> \u00e9 engenheiro agr\u00f4nomo, mestre e doutor pela Universidade Federal de Lavras.<\/p>\nDarlan Livramento<\/strong>, professor do CESEP<\/p><\/div>\n
\nNo manejo da lavoura existem opera\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas que contribuem com a sustentabilidade da cafeicultura:<\/p>\n
\n- Indica\u00e7\u00e3o e uso de cultivares mais eficientes;<\/li>\n
- Escolha do sistema de cultivo;<\/li>\n
- Manejo de plantas daninhas;<\/li>\n
- Manejo e controle de pragas e doen\u00e7as;<\/li>\n
- Calagem;<\/li>\n
- Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de insumos de melhor performance e menor impacto ambiental;<\/li>\n
- Manejo do solo com a reciclagem da palha do caf\u00e9 e a aduba\u00e7\u00e3o verde visando melhorias biol\u00f3gicas, f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas;<\/li>\n
- Estudos de fisiologia do cafeeiro relacionando reservas org\u00e2nicas e nutri\u00e7\u00e3o mineral;<\/li>\n
- Irriga\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n
- Cultivo intercalar;<\/li>\n
- Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos e arboriza\u00e7\u00e3o e mecaniza\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Essas pr\u00e1ticas t\u00eam contribu\u00eddo para integrar processos biol\u00f3gicos e ecol\u00f3gicos com a cafeicultura, visando diminuir o uso de insumos n\u00e3o renov\u00e1veis, e ajudando a construir ativos de capital importantes para a cultura. \u200b\u200b<\/p>\n
Entretanto, \u201cnovas\u201d abordagens surgem para aprimorar a condu\u00e7\u00e3o da lavoura. No caso da aduba\u00e7\u00e3o, por exemplo, existem fertilizantes estabilizados; de libera\u00e7\u00e3o lenta controlada; e libera\u00e7\u00e3o lenta por efeito qu\u00edmico.<\/p>\n
Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o org\u00e2nica, organo-mineral e aduba\u00e7\u00e3o verde tamb\u00e9m contribuem para sustentabilidade da cafeicultura. Existem os reguladores de crescimento de plantas e bioestimulantes, que fornecem um \u201cajuste fino\u201d, e que proporcionam benef\u00edcios para as plantas de caf\u00e9 como toler\u00e2ncia a estresses bi\u00f3ticos e abi\u00f3ticos, maior crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo e aumentos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n
Outro exemplo \u00e9 o cultivo intercalar e arboriza\u00e7\u00e3o, que \u00e9 baseado na ideia de um melhor aproveitamento da \u00e1rea, redu\u00e7\u00e3o de custos e forma\u00e7\u00e3o de microclima. Essa pode ser uma estrat\u00e9gia de diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1reas, tornando a atividade mais sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n
Exemplo de arboriza\u00e7\u00e3o. – Fonte: SEAPA<\/p><\/div>\n
Doen\u00e7as e insetos pragas que atacam o cafeeiro tamb\u00e9m possuem formas de manejo que contribuem para a sustentabilidade. O monitoramento efetivo associado ao manejo dos insetos pragas com a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes formas de controle: cultural, gen\u00e9tico, qu\u00edmico, biol\u00f3gico, comportamental, s\u00e3o estrat\u00e9gias que podem diminuir as inj\u00farias causadas pelos insetos.<\/p>\n
Nas doen\u00e7as do cafeeiro, deve haver monitoramento dos sintomas e sinais da doen\u00e7a, quantificando a incid\u00eancia e severidade como forma de indicar o tipo e \u00e9poca de controle. Nesse contexto, estudos sobre quantidade de in\u00f3culo inicial associado a redu\u00e7\u00e3o de ciclos das doen\u00e7as no campo possibilitam incrementos no controle, e com menor uso de insumos.<\/p>\n
O uso de indutores de resist\u00eancia contra doen\u00e7as \u00e9 uma op\u00e7\u00e3o para auxiliar no controle das doen\u00e7as e aumento da produtividade. Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o podemos deixar de citar as esta\u00e7\u00f5es de aviso fitossanit\u00e1rios, que colaboram no manejo das pragas e doen\u00e7as do cafeeiro. Todas essas t\u00e9cnicas permitem maior efici\u00eancia de uso de recursos.<\/p>\n
No preparo p\u00f3s-colheita, o uso de t\u00e9cnicas que utilizam menos insumos pode ser observado no reaproveitamento da \u00e1gua do lavador, descascador e despolpador de caf\u00e9 e uso de despolpadores\/descascadores da cereja, que utilizam pouca ou nenhuma \u00e1gua. A pr\u00f3pria \u00e1gua residu\u00e1ria, que cont\u00e9m pot\u00e1ssio, pode ser utilizada em compostagem, juntamente com a palha e casca do caf\u00e9.<\/p>\n
A cafeicultura pode influenciar o balan\u00e7o de carbono, onde emiss\u00f5es e remo\u00e7\u00f5es de gases do efeito estufa – GEE podem ser quantificadas em fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos diferentes tipos de manejo da lavoura, associando a biomassa estocada nas \u00e1reas de preserva\u00e7\u00e3o e nos solos, onde as boas pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas podem afetar o balan\u00e7o de gases, melhorando a densidade e o potencial de armazenamento de carbono.<\/p>\n
Diante desses cen\u00e1rios, a ger\u00eancia ecol\u00f3gica que aborda fluxos de energia, ciclagem de nutrientes e resili\u00eancia do sistema pode levar ao redesenho da cafeicultura com resultados positivos para a produtividade, redu\u00e7\u00e3o do uso de insumos e balan\u00e7o de carbono.<\/p>\n
A cafeicultura brasileira \u00e9 sustent\u00e1vel, j\u00e1 que utiliza t\u00e9cnicas de manejo que permitem o uso de insumos de forma eficiente, podendo ser inclusive certificada. A certifica\u00e7\u00e3o pode contribuir para que o produtor de caf\u00e9 seja remunerado pela quantidade e qualidade das pr\u00e1ticas sustent\u00e1veis de manejo adotadas. Assim, o segmento pode vislumbrar, atrav\u00e9s de mecanismo comerciais, a remunera\u00e7\u00e3o direta ao produtor ou grupo de produtores pelo sequestro de carbono.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
LEIA MAIS:<\/p>\n