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{"id":1199,"date":"2020-10-28T14:23:48","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T17:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/?p=1199"},"modified":"2022-03-25T09:27:11","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T12:27:11","slug":"manejo-integrado-de-pragas-conceitos-perspectivas-e-principais-desafios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/2020\/10\/28\/manejo-integrado-de-pragas-conceitos-perspectivas-e-principais-desafios\/","title":{"rendered":"Manejo Integrado de Pragas: Conceitos, perspectivas e principais desafios"},"content":{"rendered":"

A hist\u00f3ria do homem na terra, desde do in\u00edcio, tem sido acompanhada de uma procura constante por alimentos e de popula\u00e7\u00f5es famintas que, por falta e\/ou por m\u00e1 distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, vagam pelos territ\u00f3rios. Mesmo hoje, nem todas as pessoas est\u00e3o conscientes da import\u00e2ncia vital dos alimentos para a sobreviv\u00eancia saud\u00e1vel do homem.<\/p>\n

Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno<\/strong> escreve o seguinte artigo para AgriBrasilis<\/strong>. Possui gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Agronomia pelo Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agron\u00f4micas da Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, mestrado em Agronomia (Entomologia Agr\u00edcola) pela Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) e doutorado em Ci\u00eancias, na \u00e1rea de Graduado em Entomologia pela Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (Escola Superior de Agricultura \u201cLuiz de Queiroz\u201d, ESALQ \/ USP). Atualmente \u00e9 Professora Auxiliar da UNESP (FCA), no Departamento de Fitossanidade.<\/p>\n

Segundo dados da FAO, uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser considerada nutrida quando o consumo per capta de gr\u00e3os seja em torno de 800 Kg\/pessoa\/ano. Com base nesse par\u00e2metro, o Brasil tem produzido pouco mais da metade da necessidade e, se ainda descontarmos o exportado, ficamos numa posi\u00e7\u00e3o ainda mais cr\u00edtica. Obviamente v\u00e1rios fatores contribuem para essa escassez, mas, sem d\u00favidas, as pragas, considerando aqui insetos, pat\u00f3genos e plantas daninhas, s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis tanto pela redu\u00e7\u00e3o da produtividade como pelo aumento de seus custos. Os problemas com as pragas s\u00e3o consequ\u00eancias diretas da descoberta e pr\u00e1tica da agricultura. A mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o desses problemas, mesmo com o uso de toda tecnologia hoje dispon\u00edvel, continua representando um verdadeiro “quebra-cabe\u00e7a” para o homem.<\/p>\n

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A defini\u00e7\u00e3o adotada pelo painel da FAO enuncia: ‘Manejo Integrado de Pragas \u00e9 o sistema de manejo de pragas que no contexto associa o ambiente e a din\u00e2mica populacional da esp\u00e9cie, utiliza todas as t\u00e9cnicas apropriadas e m\u00e9todos de forma t\u00e3o compat\u00edvel quanto poss\u00edvel e mant\u00e9m a popula\u00e7\u00e3o da praga em n\u00edveis abaixo daqueles capazes de causar dano econ\u00f4mico”. Os fundamentos do Manejo Integrado de Pragas, baseiam-se em quatro elementos: na explora\u00e7\u00e3o do controle natural, dos n\u00edveis de toler\u00e2ncia das plantas aos danos das pragas, no monitoramento das popula\u00e7\u00f5es para tomadas de decis\u00e3o e na biologia e ecologia da cultura e de suas pragas. Essas premissas implicam no conhecimento dos fatores naturais de mortalidade, nas defini\u00e7\u00f5es das densidades populacionais ou da quantidade de danos causados pelas esp\u00e9cies-alvo equivalente aos n\u00edveis de dano econ\u00f4mico (NDE) e de controle (NC), que fica imediatamente abaixo do NDE.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Outra vari\u00e1vel importante seria o levantamento do n\u00edvel de equil\u00edbrio (NE) das esp\u00e9cies que habitam o agroecossistema em quest\u00e3o. Em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da flutua\u00e7\u00e3o da densidade da esp\u00e9cie-alvo e de sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o relativa a esses tr\u00eas n\u00edveis (NE, NDE E NC) ao longo do tempo, as esp\u00e9cies podem ser classificadas em pragas-chave (densidade populacional sempre acima do NDE), pragas espor\u00e1dicas (densidade na lavoura raramente atinge o NDE) e n\u00e3o-pragas (a densidade da esp\u00e9cie em quest\u00e3o nunca atinge o NDE). O desenvolvimento de um bom m\u00e9todo, n\u00e3o tendencioso e de f\u00e1cil utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o constitui num pr\u00e9-requisito b\u00e1sico. O objetivo \u00e9 estimar periodicamente a densidade populacional ou quantificar os danos da(s) esp\u00e9cie(s)-alvo. Podem ser utilizadas amostragens ao acaso, pontos de<\/div>\n
amostragens ou a t\u00e9cnica da amostragem sequencial. Como nos dois primeiros casos nem sempre \u00e9 f\u00e1cil se estabelecer o tamanho das amostras para serem representativas, na amostragem sequencial \u00e9 calculado uma faixa de resultados, que a partir de uma amostragem m\u00ednima os resultados indicam continuar amostrando, pelo tratamento ou pelo n\u00e3o tratamento da gleba em quest\u00e3o (esta t\u00e9cnica \u00e9 mais apropriada quando a densidade da esp\u00e9cie-alvo \u00e9<\/div>\n
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muito alta ou muito baixa. As t\u00e9cnicas de amostragem dos insetos dependem de cada esp\u00e9cie-alvo, do seu h\u00e1bito, da cultura, do est\u00e1dio de desenvolvimento, etc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Assim, o manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) \u00e9 um conjunto de tecnologias para condu\u00e7\u00e3o da cultura visando principalmente manter esse ecossistema agr\u00edcola o mais pr\u00f3ximo poss\u00edvel do equil\u00edbrio. O equil\u00edbrio biol\u00f3gico do agroecossistema da permite a sustentabilidade a longo prazo ao contr\u00e1rio do promovido por uma vis\u00e3o imediatista de lucratividade a qualquer custo que, muitas vezes, \u00e9 adotada por alguns produtores (Figura 1).<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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A hist\u00f3ria do homem na terra, desde do in\u00edcio, tem sido acompanhada de uma procura constante por alimentos e de popula\u00e7\u00f5es famintas que, por falta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[33],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nManejo Integrado de Pragas: Conceitos, perspectivas e principais desafios - Agribrasilis - Inside Agribusiness<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agribrasilis.com\/2020\/10\/28\/manejo-integrado-de-pragas-conceitos-perspectivas-e-principais-desafios\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manejo Integrado de Pragas: Conceitos, perspectivas e principais desafios - 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